What is the term for an attack aimed at overwhelming a computer system with excessive communications to deny users access?

The correct answer, denial-of-service attack, refers to a malicious attempt to disrupt the normal functioning of a targeted server, service, or network by overwhelming it with a flood of traffic. This type of attack effectively denies legitimate users access to the system, as it becomes bogged down by the excessive communications being generated.

In denial-of-service attacks, the attacker typically employs a variety of methods to generate traffic, such as using botnets composed of compromised computers or leveraging other techniques to saturate the bandwidth or processing capabilities of the target. The primary goal is to render the service unavailable for a duration, causing disruption and potential financial loss for businesses reliant on the affected systems.

The other choices represent different types of security threats. Phishing attacks involve tricking individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as login credentials or financial information, through deceitful emails or websites. Malware invasion refers to the introduction of malicious software designed to harm or exploit devices and networks. A data breach pertains to unauthorized access and the retrieval of sensitive data by hackers, often leading to identity theft or the compromise of confidential information. Each of these terms describes a distinct cyber threat, underscoring the unique nature of denial-of-service attacks in terms of their intent and impact on accessibility.